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Reducing the risk of integrity breaches

Assessment design plays a crucial role in shaping what students learn and how they engage with the learning process. To give every student a fair opportunity to demonstrate their learning, teachers are responsible for: creating well-designed assessment tasks, considering how their assessment choices promote student learning, and determining how that learning will be verified. 

Effective assessment and curriculum design also serve as important preventative measures for academic integrity risks. Under university policy, unit coordinators have a responsibility to take reasonable steps to minimise the risk of academic integrity breaches occurring in their units of study. 

Identifying and mitigating risks

The Academic Integrity Policy and Procedures require that unit coordinators take reasonable steps to identify and mitigate potential academic integrity risks within their assessments. 

Each faculty will have processes for conducting this risk assessment. Schedule One of the Academic Integrity Procedures includes a “Summary of Assessment Types, Risks and Risk Reduction Strategies” (from page 15 on). This summary table has been adapted below:

Summary of assessment types, risks and risk reduction strategies

Note:  The below table lists common examples of academic integrity risks based on assessment types and suggested risk reduction strategies. The list is not exhaustive and additional risks and risk reduction strategies should be considered by staff as part of the risk assessment undertaken in accordance the relevant faculty guidelines as outlined in the Academic Intregity Procedures.

Type

Description of Assessment Type

Potential
Risks

Risk Reduction
Strategies

Risk Rating

Rating
After
Risk Reduction

Secure: secure, in-person supervised assessment to validate learning

Final Exam - secure

Written exam

Live written exam, written exam with non-written elements, or non-written exam, however administered.

Worth between 30-60%.

  • Impersonation
  • Use of prohibited materials (incl. notes, electronic devices, wearable devices, etc.)
  • Cheating by collusion or external assistance
  • Use of prohibited generative AI tools
  • Sharing questions and solutions during exam
  • Disrupting or obstructing others from completing the exam
  • Recording or removing secure materials, such as examination papers, question or answer books
  • Create unique new exam questions and papers each session
  • Avoid reusing past exam questions; substantially rewrite questions if re-use is essential
  • Have a bank of suitable questions/scenarios to reduce repetition
  • Some randomisation of questions or answers
  • Minimise use of recall-type and single right answer questions
  • Require submission of working out/solutions for formula-based questions
  • Review student performance in exam relative to past performance
  • Identity check
  • In person invigilation
  • Appropriate seating arrangements
  • Use similarity detection software where possible
  • Require use of secure browser where exam is completed digitally
  • Link to an additional secure assessment, such as an oral exam
  • Written and verbal warnings about prohibited items before the exam day and at the start of the exam

Very High

Low

Practical exam

Practical exam or practical exam with non-practical elements, however administered. Includes assessment of laboratory, clinical and performance skills. Worth between 10-60%. 

  • Impersonation
  • Use of prohibited materials (incl. notes, electronic devices, wearable devices, etc.)
  • Cheating by collusion or external assistance
  • Use of prohibited generative AI tools
  • Sharing questions and solutions during exam
  • Disrupting or obstructing others from completing the exam
  • Recording or removing secure materials, such as examination papers, question or answer books
  • Where a written element is involved, the potential risks listed for 'written exam – secure' also apply
  • Ensure students who have completed practical exam are separated from students who are yet to attempt it; invigilation of waiting students
  • Review student performance in exam relative to past performance
  • Avoid reusing past practical exam questions or, scenarios, or case studies each session
  • Have a bank of suitable practical questions or scenarios to reduce repetition
  • Randomise practical questions/scenarios between students
  • Identity check
  • In person invigilation
  • Where a written element is involved, the risk reduction strategies listed for 'written exam – secure' also apply

High

Low

Oral exam

Live oral exam.

Worth between 10-60%. 

  • Impersonation
  • Sharing of questions
  • Use of prohibited materials (incl. notes, electronic devices, wearable devices, etc.)
  • Cheating by collusion or external assistance
  • Use of prohibited generative AI tools
  •  Ensure students who have completed oral exam are separated from students who are yet to attempt it; invigilation of waiting students
  • Review student performance in exam relative to past performance
  • Avoid reusing past oral exam questions or scenarios; substantially rewrite questions if re-use is essential
  • Create unique new oral exam questions or scenarios or case studies each session
  • Have a bank of suitable oral exam questions/scenarios to reduce repetition
  • Randomise oral exam questions or scenarios between students
  • Identity check
  • In person invigilation
  • Keep a record of the questions and answers
  • Record the exam

 High

Low

Secure: secure, in-person supervised assessment to validate learning

In-semester test - secure

Written test

Live written test, written test with non-written elements, or non-written test, however administered.

Worth between 20-60%.

  •  See potential risks listed for ‘written exam – secure'
  •  See risk reduction strategies listed for ‘written exam – secure'
  • Appropriate invigilator training
  • Identity check

Very High

Low

Practical test

Practical test, practical test with non-practical elements, however administered. Includes assessment of laboratory, clinical and performance skills. Worth between 10-60%.

  • See potential risks listed for 'practical exam – secure'
  • See risk reduction strategies listed for 'practical exam – secure'
  • Appropriate invigilator training
  • Identity check

 High

Low

Oral test

Live oral test.

Worth between 10-60%.

  •  See potential risks listed for ‘oral exam – secure'
  • See risk reduction strategies listed for ‘oral exam – secure'
  • Appropriate invigilator training
  • Identity check

 High

Low

Secure: secure, in-person supervised assessment to validate learning

In-class - secure

Interactive oral

Scenario-based conversations to demonstrate, synthesise, and extend knowledge and skills. Unlike an oral exam, oral test or viva voce, this is a practical application of what has been learned often with a real-world scenario.

  •  See potential risks listed for ‘oral exam – secure'
  • See risk reduction strategies listed for ‘oral exam – secure'
  • Appropriate invigilator training
  • Keep a record of the interactions including questions and answers
  • Record the interactive oral
  • Identity check
  • Mark calibration and moderation

High

Low

In person practical, skills or performance task

Observation and assessment of live demonstrated practical, skills or performance tasks. Includes tests of clinical, laboratory, field or other skills in supervised environment. 

  •  See potential risks listed for ‘practical exam – secure'
  • See risk reduction strategies listed for ‘practical exam – secure'
  • Appropriate invigilator training
  • Identity check

High

Low

In person written or creative task 

Observation and assessment of live written or creative tasks 

  • See potential risks listed for ‘written exam – secure' and ‘practical exam – secure' as applicable
  • See risk reduction strategies listed for ‘written exam – secure' and ‘practical exam – secure' as applicable
  • Appropriate invigilator training
  • Identity check

High

Low

Q&A following presentation, submission or placement 

Live question and answer session following a live performance, presentation, placement or submission of an artefact. 

  • See potential risks listed for ‘oral exam – secure'
  • See risk reduction strategies listed for ‘oral exam – secure'
  • Appropriate invigilator training
  • Identity check

High

Low

Secure: secure, in-person supervised assessment to validate learning

Placement, internships or supervision - secure

Peer or expert observation or supervision 

Live observation by a peer or expert or supervisor on a placement, internship or in another supervised environment.

  • Impersonation
  • Student not attending placement
  • Visit or Zoom call to placement site, at least once during course of placement
  • Require a mid-way “check” of the student
  • Require identity check at placement site
  • Include short interview about placement activities with instructor
  • Appropriate supervisor training

High

Low

In person practical or creative task 

Live observation and assessment of practical or creative tasks on a placement, internship or in another supervised environment 

  • See potential risks listed for ‘written exam – secure' and ‘practical exam – secure' as applicable
  • See risk reduction strategies listed for ‘written exam – secure' and 'practical exam – secure' as applicable
  • Require identity check at placement site
  • Appropriate supervisor training

High

Low

Clinical exam 

Live clinical exam on a placement, internship or in another supervised environment 

  • See potential risks listed for 'practical exam – secure'
  • See risk reduction strategies listed for 'practical exam – secure'
  • Require identity check at placement site
  • Appropriate supervisor training

High

Low

Open: scaffolding learning including use of appropriate technologies

Practice or application – open 

In-class quiz

Quiz held in a live class such as a tutorial. Used for students to practice, apply or gauge their learning.

  • Sharing of questions and answers
  • Collusion between students
  • External assistance
  • Automated answer provision by software plugins
  • Insufficient or inappropriate acknowledgement of generative AI tools
  • Link to an assessment from the ‘In-class – secure’ category
  • Identity check
  • Appropriate invigilation
  • Randomised questions
  • Bank of questions
  • Provide students with clear expectations and help develop responsible use of generative AI tools by including guidelines and discussing with students when their use will not be useful or will be counterproductive to learning
  • Ensure knowledge tested in secure form of assessment

High

Medium

Out-of-class quiz 

Quiz held asynchronously including online. Used for students to practice, apply or gauge their learning.

  • Sharing of questions and answers
  • Collusion between students
  • External assistance
  • Automated answer provision by software plugins
  • Insufficient or inappropriate acknowledgement of generative AI tools
  • Link to an assessment from the ‘In-class – secure’ category
  • Reduce weighting of quiz
  • Allow multiple attempts with feedback
  • Ensure knowledge tested in secure form of assessment
  • Randomise questions
  • Bank of questions
  • Provide students with clear expectations and help develop responsible use of generative AI tools by including guidelines and discussing with students when their use will not be useful or will be counterproductive to learning

High

Medium

Practical skill 

Development and application of technical, laboratory, creative, professional or other disciplinary skill in or out of class.  

  • External assistance
  • Collusion between students
  • Insufficient or inappropriate acknowledgement of generative AI tools
  • Plagiarism
  • Collusion
  • Link to an assessment from the ‘In-class – secure’ category
  • Provide students with clear expectations and help develop responsible use of generative AI tools by including guidelines and discussing with students when their use will not be useful or will be counterproductive to learning
  • Use similarity detection software
  • Ensure knowledge tested in secure form of assessment

High

Medium

Open: scaffolding learning including use of appropriate technologies

Inquiry or investigation - open

Experimental design 

The process of planning and/or conducting investigations, including hypotheses and methods, in or out of class (e.g. scientific experiments, market research, creative testing, etc). 

  • Plagiarism
  • Collusion between students
  • Fabrication or falsification of data, information or sources
  • External assistance
  • Insufficient or inappropriate acknowledgement of generative AI tools
  • Link to an assessment from the ‘In-class – secure’ category
  • Use similarity detection software
  • Ensure knowledge tested in secure form of assessment
  • Provide students with clear expectations and help develop responsible use of generative AI tools by including guidelines and discussing with students when their use will not be useful or will be counterproductive to learning
  • Require a generative AI methods section

High

Medium

Data analysis

The process of collecting, analysing, and/or visualising data to generate and communicate meaningful insights (e.g. statistical analyses, qualitative coding, business intelligence, etc). 

  • Fabrication or falsification of data, information or sources
  • Collusion between students
  • Plagiarism
  • External assistance
  • Insufficient or inappropriate acknowledgement of generative AI tools
  • Use similarity detection software
  • Ensure knowledge tested in secure form of assessment
  • Avoid reusing past data sets
  • Provide students with clear expectations and help develop responsible use of generative AI tools by including guidelines and discussing with students when their use will not be useful or will be counterproductive to learning
  • Require a generative AI methods section

High

Medium

Case studies 

The process of analysing real-world scenarios to identify problems, propose solutions, and/or justify decisions (e.g. business cases, patient scenarios, engineering problems, etc). 

  • Fabrication or falsification of data, information or sources
  • Collusion between students
  • Plagiarism
  • External assistance
  • Insufficient or inappropriate acknowledgement of generative AI tools
  • Link to an assessment from the ‘In-class – secure’ category
  • Use similarity detection software
  • Ensure knowledge tested in secure form of assessment
  • Avoid reusing past case studies
  • Provide students with clear expectations and help develop responsible use of generative AI tools by including guidelines and discussing with students when their use will not be useful or will be counterproductive to learning
  • Require a generative AI methods section

High

Medium

Research analysis

The critical examination and interpretation of research data, methodologies and findings.

  • Plagiarism
  • Collusion between students
  • External assistance
  • Fabrication or falsification of data, information or sources  
  • Insufficient or inappropriate acknowledgement of generative AI tools
  • Link to an assessment from the ‘In-class – secure’ category
  • Use similarity detection software
  • Ensure knowledge tested in secure form of assessment
  • Avoid reusing past scenarios or data sets
  • Provide students with clear expectations and help develop responsible use of generative AI tools by including guidelines and discussing with students when their use will not be useful or will be counterproductive to learning
  • Require a generative AI methods section

High

Medium

Open: scaffolding learning including use of appropriate technologies

Production and creation - open

Portfolio or journal 

The production and curation of work samples, documentation, reflections, drafts and/or other evidence and small writing tasks demonstrating development over time. 

  • Plagiarism
  • Collusion between students
  • External assistance
  • Insufficient or inappropriate acknowledgement of generative AI tools
  • Fabrication or falsification of data, information or sources
  • Link to an assessment from the ‘In-class – secure’ category
  • Use similarity detection software
  • Provide students with clear expectations and help develop responsible use of generative AI tools by including guidelines and discussing with students when their use will not be useful or will be counterproductive to learning
  • Regular check ins with students
  • Require a generative AI methods section

High

Medium

Performance 

The creation and delivery of live or recorded performance (e.g. artistic, dramatic, musical, etc) work  

  • Plagiarism
  • Collusion between students
  • External assistance
  • Insufficient or inappropriate acknowledgement of generative AI tools
  • Collusion
  • Link to an assessment from the ‘In-class – secure’ category
  • Identity check
  • Ensure knowledge tested in secure form of assessment
  • Provide students with clear expectations and help develop responsible use of generative AI tools by including guidelines and discussing with students when their use will not be useful or will be counterproductive to learning
  • Require a generative AI methods section

High

Medium

Presentation 

The production and delivery of live or recorded oral, visual, and/or multimedia communications for specific audiences 

  • Plagiarism
  • Collusion between students
  • External assistance
  • Insufficient or inappropriate acknowledgement of generative AI tools
  • Collusion
  • Link to an assessment from the ‘In-class – secure’ category
  • Identity check
  • Ensure knowledge tested in secure form of assessment
  • Use similarity detection software
  • Provide students with clear expectations and help develop responsible use of generative AI tools by including guidelines and discussing with students when their use will not be useful or will be counterproductive to learning
  • Require a generative AI methods section

High

Medium

Creative work

The creation and production of original and creative work, including short creative writing tasks

  • Plagiarism
  • Collusion between students
  • External assistance
  • Insufficient or inappropriate acknowledgement of generative AI tools
  • Collusion
  • Link to an assessment from the ‘In-class – secure’ category
  • Use similarity detection software
  • Ensure knowledge tested in secure form of assessment
  • Provide students with clear expectations and help develop responsible use of generative AI tools by including guidelines and discussing with students when their use will not be useful or will be counterproductive to learning
  • Require a generative AI methods section

High

Medium

Written work 

The development and production of structured and/or long form writing (e.g. essay, report).

  • Plagiarism
  • Collusion between students
  • External assistance
  • Insufficient or inappropriate acknowledgement of generative AI tools
  • Fabrication or falsification of data, information or sources
  • Collusion
  • Link to an assessment from the ‘In-class – secure’ category
  • Use similarity detection software
  • Ensure knowledge tested in secure form of assessment
  • Provide students with clear expectations and help develop responsible use of generative AI tools by including guidelines and discussing with students when their use will not be useful or will be counterproductive to learning
  • Require a generative AI methods section

High

Medium

Dissertation or thesis

A written manuscript presenting the findings of a substantial original research project. Includes projects completed as part of an honours program.

  • Plagiarism
  • Collusion between students
  • Fabrication or falsification of data, information or sources
  • External assistance
  • Insufficient or inappropriate acknowledgement of generative AI tools
  • Link to a secure assessment such as an oral exam
  • Use similarity detection software
  • Require submissions of drafts
  • Regular check ins with student
  • Include an in-person component
  • Ensure knowledge tested in secure form of assessment
  • Provide students with clear expectations and help develop responsible use of generative AI tools by including guidelines and discussing with students when their use will not be useful or will be counterproductive to learning
  • Require a generative AI methods section

Very High

Medium

Open: scaffolding learning including use of appropriate technologies

Discussion - open

Debate 

A structured, evidence-based discussion held live or asynchronously where students present and defend positions using research, data, and/or disciplinary knowledge and applying critical thinking and argumentation skills. 

  • Plagiarism
  • Impersonation
  • External assistance
  • Insufficient or inappropriate acknowledgement of generative AI tools
  • Fabrication or falsification of data, information or sources
  • Link to an assessment from the ‘In-class – secure’ category
  • Use similarity detection software
  • Require submissions of written scripts
  • Avoid reusing past debate topics
  • Ensure knowledge tested in secure form of assessment
  • Provide students with clear expectations and help develop responsible use of generative AI tools by including guidelines and discussing with students when their use will not be useful or will be counterproductive to learning

High

Medium

Contribution 

Meaningful participation in live or asynchronous environments demonstrating knowledge application, peer engagement, and/or advancement of collective understanding. 

  • Plagiarism
  • Impersonation
  • External assistance
  • Insufficient or inappropriate acknowledgement of generative AI tools
  • Fabrication or falsification of data, information or sources
  • Link to an assessment from the ‘In-class – secure’ category
  • Use similarity detection software
  • Require submissions of written scripts
  • Ensure knowledge tested in secure form of assessment
  • Provide students with clear expectations and help develop responsible use of generative AI tools by including guidelines and discussing with students when their use will not be useful or will be counterproductive to learning

High

Medium

Conversation 

A structured or informal dialogue demonstrating disciplinary knowledge, critical thinking, and/or communication skills (e.g. seminar discussions, professional interviews, client consultations, etc). 

  • Plagiarism
  • Impersonation
  • External assistance
  • Insufficient or inappropriate acknowledgement of generative AI tools
  • Fabrication or falsification of data, information or sources
  • Link to an assessment from the ‘In-class – secure’ category
  • Ensure knowledge tested in secure form of assessment
  • Provide students with clear expectations and help develop responsible use of generative AI tools by including guidelines and discussing with students when their use will not be useful or will be counterproductive to learning

High

Medium

Evaluation

Assessment of the quality of one’s own and others’ work by applying criteria to make informed and objective judgements.

  • Plagiarism
  • External assistance
  • Insufficient or inappropriate acknowledgement of generative AI tools
  • Collusion
  • Link to an assessment from the ‘In-class – secure’ category
  • Use similarity detection software
  • Ensure knowledge tested in secure form of assessment
  • Provide students with clear expectations and help develop responsible use of generative AI tools by including guidelines and discussing with students when their use will not be useful or will be counterproductive to learning

High

Medium

Open: scaffolding learning including use of appropriate technologies

Attendance - accreditation or faculty requirement

Attendance – accreditation or faculty requirement

Attendance requirements consistent with professional accreditation conditions, or faculty or course resolutions

  • Impersonation
  • Forging attendance records
  • Identity check
  • Ensure accurate attendance records are kept and validated

Medium

Low